Journal of Engineering and Emerging Technologies

Multi - Water Sources Automation Advancing the CSPC Water Distribution

2025-07-16T06:33:12+08:00

Multi-water source Automation proposes solving the unstable water supply problem inside the CSPC campus. Because of rapid urbanization and population increase, Clean water sources have become limited. There are concerns for all residents, businesses, and institutions in Nabua, Camarines Sur. Furthermore, this situation is intensely felt in learning institutions like the Camarines Sur Polytechnic colleges because not only will the water supply coming from the Local water district decrease, but the water demand will also increase due to an increase in student population annually. A multi-water source approach can be utilized to mitigate this water shortage on the campus. Several water sources, such as rain and groundwater, still need to be fully utilized. Considering these multisource water systems, some challenges facing where Automation should be best applied include Water Source control, Water distribution system Operation management, and Cost Reduction. However, before adopting these Multisource-water supply automated control systems, it is crucial to assess their effectiveness to maximize the benefits of their performance, and various elements should be considered. Integrating Automation is highly effective in controlling pressure, which means that within the distribution pump capacity, the automated system can control the pressure within the specified control limit at any water flow rate without affecting the adequacy of the end user's demand. A prototype simulating the function and features of multi-water source automation is built to show how the control system will perform in different conditions depending on the available water source and end-user water demand.

Abrasion Resistance of Coarse Aggregate and Compressive Strength of Concrete In Camarines Norte

2025-07-16T06:33:34+08:00

Concrete has been long used in the field of construction. Coarse aggregate is a major component of concrete, and its size can vary. Abrasion resistance is one of its properties, which depending on the source and size of the aggregate, can impact concrete strength. Throughout the use of concrete, only abrasion resistance of concrete is correlated to the strength of concrete. Thus, this study aims to create a mathematical relation between the abrasion resistance of coarse aggregates and the compressive strength of concrete, considering two nominal maximum sizes from different quarries in Camarines Norte. Experimental methods such as the Los Angeles Abrasion Test, Paired t-test Analysis, The One-Way Analysis of Variance, and Bivariate Correlation Analysis were employed to investigate the substantial correlation between the abrasion resistance of coarse aggregate and the compressive strength from three different quarries, with reference to ASTM and ACI standards governing concrete. The result shows that among the three quarries, only Calabasa attained the standard abrasion resistance of coarse aggregate of 50%. Hence, only in One-Way Analysis of Variance resulted a significant relationship but not in Paired t-test Analysis and Bivariate Correlation.

Tensile Properties of Alkali-Treated Coco Coir Fibers

2026-06-17T10:28:30+08:00

The research investigated the impact of alkali treatment on the tensile properties of coco coir fibers, with a focus on the practical implications of the findings. Specifically, it examined the effects of treatment duration and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) concentration on tensile strength and elongation. The study compared untreated fibers to those treated with 12% or 15% NaHCO3 solutions for 3, 5, or 7 days. Tensile testing, conducted according to ASTM D3822 by DOST-PTRI, revealed that the highest tensile strength of 143.61 MPa was achieved with a 12% NaHCO3 solution for three days. This finding has significant implications for industries that rely on coco coir fibers for their products. Conversely, untreated fibers exhibited the highest elongation of 31.02%, which may be beneficial in certain applications. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA indicated a significant difference in tensile properties between untreated and treated groups. Additionally, a two-way ANOVA demonstrated that treatment duration significantly impacted both tensile strength and elongation. The interaction of concentration and duration also showed a substantial effect on both properties. These findings suggest that a carefully controlled combination of treatment duration and NaCOH3 concentration can optimize the tensile strength of coco coir fibers for specific applications, albeit at the expense of elongation. This knowledge can be applied to various industries, including manufacturing, construction, and agriculture, thereby contributing significantly to the socio-economic advancement of coco coir-producing associations, and by extension, the communities and economies they support.

Design and Development of Microbial Fuel Cell Graphite-Titanium Electrode with Piggery Wastewater Substrate

2026-06-18T09:21:25+08:00

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a bio-electrochemical system known for converting biochemical energy to electricity. A design of MFC was developed consisting of graphite and titanium plates as anode and cathode, respectively, with piggery wastewater as organic substrate. The architectural design of MFC was a single-chamber air-cathode membraneless which is simple and cheap design. A rectangular chamber plexiglass was fabricated able to hold 500 mL piggery wastewater and electrodes with the anode that has an active surface area of 0.0149 m². The piggery wastewater contained a mixed culture of Escherichia Coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Proteus spp. which were incubated in a mediatorless system. The physicochemical characteristics of the piggery wastewater in terms of temperature, pH level, dissolved oxygen level, total dissolved solids, and electrical conductivity before the operation were 29.2^oC, 6.54, 9.53 mg/L, 3,550 ppm, and 7,519 μs/cm, respectively, and after the one-day incubation and 7 days operation in a room temperature were 29.9^oC, 5.55, 3.74 mg/L, 6,857 ppm, and 13,859 μs/cm, respectively. The measured electricity parameters of the MFC produced a maximum output, in terms of cell voltage, current output, and power density, were 112.50 mV, 100.00 μA, and 570.47 μW/m², respectively.